Airborne allergens and
chemicals cause respiratory disease - inflammation in the nose and in
the lung. Lung inflammation is often expressed as asthma. Air pollution,
both indoor and outdoor, plays a significant role in the exacerbation
of airway disease in asthmatics and may contribute to the overall increase
in asthma morbidity.
Hospitalization for
asthma has increased by 50% over the past 20 years, and deaths from asthma
in the United States have increased to 5,000 per year. It is suggested
that mortality is particularly high in lower socioeconomic groups who
are exposed to higher levels of air pollution and have poorer access
to early and effective medical care. Air-borne particulates may be major
factor in the increasing morbidity from asthma.
In the past, medical
textbooks divided asthma into inside and outside forms.
Extrinsic (outside)
asthma tended to occur in sudden attacks triggered by exposure to airborne
materials.
Intrinsic (inside)
asthma seemed to occur continuously or in prolonged episodes for no
apparent reason.
Here are the three most
basic ideas concerning asthma causes and treatment:
Asthma is an allergy
until proven otherwise.
Allergy comes from
airborne and food sources.
Solve asthma problems
by improving air quality and with diet revision.
Air Sources
The spring or summer
wheezing attacks of pollen sensitive patients is a form of extrinsic
asthma, usually obvious to patients and allergists alike.
Indoor allergens
often play a role in maintaining year-round asthma and may present
as "intrinsic" asthma.
Allergy to house
dust mites is a leading cause of winter asthma.
Cigarette smoke is
always a major problem for asthmatics - the rule is NO SMOKING
Outdoor Air pollution
is a growing concern.
Chemical exposure
at work and home causes asthma and should be avoided
Pets are a source
of dander, mites and dust and exposure may have to be limited.
Books, papers, clothing
and stuffed toys add airborne allergens and chemicals to any room and
should be removed especially from bedrooms.
Hot water and simple
detergent are the best cleaning agents and should be used often (avoid
strong smelling cleansers)
Molds
Many
species of molds that develop on organic materials such as fruits, grain,
compost and wood can produce allergens and/or toxins that can produce
respiratory disease. The main route of entry is through respiration of
dust particles contaminated with the fungi or its spores. The main hazardous
species belong to the families: Aspergillus, Penicillum, Cladosporium,
Mucor, Stachybotrys, Absidia, Alternaria, Fusarium and Cryptostroma.
The greatest risks are caused by the Aspergillus and Penicillum strains.
Various strains of these families of molds have been implicated in being
causative agents in asthma, hypersensitivity pneumonitis and pulmonary
mycosis.
The greatest risks are to
people working or living in areas of agricultural production and storage
or wood-milling where large quantities of dusts and airborne particles
are produced. Exposure to wood dust has been linked to the occurrence
of adenocarcinoma of the sinuses and nasal tissues and the incidence
of this disease is 1000 fold greater in woodworkers than in the general
public. Certain types of woods can cause dermatitis, rhinitis, asthma
and conjunctivitis. The greatest risks for the development of asthma
is posed by the dusts of exotic woods and western red cedar.
Dust Mites
The
droppings of dust mites are important allergens which can cause asthma
in sensitized people. Dust mites live in bedding, carpets, stuffed furniture,
old clothing and stuffed toys. They feed on human skin shedding. Dust
mites are most common in humid climates and don't survive when the humidity
is below 50%. If droppings of dust mites are inhaled or come in contact
with the skin, they may cause asthma and/or eczema symptoms.
Steps to Control Dust Mite
Allergens
Enclose the mattress and
boxsprings in a zippered dust-proof encasing. Dust-proof encasings
have a layer of material that keeps the dust mites inside the encasing.
Encasings are usually made of vinyl or other plastics.
Wash all bedding in hot
(130 degrees F) water, weekly.
Put the pillows in zippered
dust proof encasings and/or wash the pillows weekly with the bedding.
Avoid lying on upholstered
furniture or carpet.
Remove carpeting from the
bedroom. Use wood, leather or vinyl furniture instead of upholstered
furniture in the bedroom.
The person with a dust
mite allergy should not vacuum or be in a room while it is being vacuumed.
Keep the indoor moisture
low. The ideal humidity level is 30-40%. Use an air conditioner or
dehumidifier in warm climates to decrease the humidity. Clean the dehumidifier
regularly.
Humidifiers/vaporizers
are not recommended because they will increase humidity in the room
and create a favorable environment for dust mites.
Chemicals that kill dust
mites can be applied regularly to carpeting and upholstered furniture.
A tannic acid solution can help neutralize the allergen in mite droppings.
Air pollution
Air pollution has been shown
to induce attacks of asthma in exposure studies of human volunteers.
Ozone is an atmospheric pollutant that enhances the effect of inhaled
allergens in asthmatics, suggesting that pollutants influence lung function
by increasing airway inflammation. Over 50% of the United States population
lives in areas which exceed air quality standards for ozone, nitrogen
dioxide, sulphur dioxide, and particulates (as monitored by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency - EPA).
Find the Right Air Purifier for
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or Application
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