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Dirty
Air and High Blood Pressure
German Study Shows Link
NEW YORK (Reuters) -
People who are trying to lower their blood pressure might want to consider
the amount of pollution in the air they breathe in addition to the amount
of salt in their food, German researchers report.
In a study of more than
2,600 adults, blood pressure rose in tandem with air pollution levels.
Pollution may cause changes in the part of the nervous system that controls
blood pressure, which would also mean it could increase the likelihood
of heart attacks and other cardiac problems, according to Angela Ibald-Mulli
and colleagues from GSF-National Research Center for Environment and
Health in Neuherberg, Germany.
The findings are published
in the April issue of the American Journal of Public Health, journal
of the American Public Health Association (news - web sites).
Investigators measured
blood pressure in adults aged 25 to 64 in association with concentrations
of air pollutants in southern Germany during two periods: 1984-1985 and
1987-1988. Some samples were taken in January 1985, when air pollution
in central Europe was particularly acute and resulted in an increased
number of hospitalizations for heart problems.
Concentrations of particulates
in the air and to a lesser extent, sulfur dioxide, were associated with
an increase in systolic blood pressure of 1.79 mm Hg. Systolic pressure,
the upper number in a blood pressure reading, measures pressure when
the heart contracts.
Among individuals with
other risk factors for heart disease such as increased heart rate, systolic
blood pressure rose by 6.93 mm Hg in tandem with air pollutants, the
report indicates.
Ibald-Mulli and colleagues
explain that air pollution can influence temperature, barometric pressure
and humidity levels, which can affect blood pressure.
The new findings support
a recent study in 20 of America's largest cities, which linked exposure
to common pollutants from cars and factories to an increased risk of
death. Another group of researchers estimate that air pollution may be
responsible for about 5% of hospital admissions for heart disease.
While it is not clear
why pollution is toxic to humans, experts suspect that pollutants inflame
the lungs or cause the body to release chemicals that can affect heart
function. Exactly how pollution might cause blood pressure to climb remains
unclear.
SOURCE: American Journal
of Public Health 2001;91:571-577.
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