Indoor
Air: Sweat The Small Stuff
Microscopic Airborne Particles Kill People Every Day
By Janet McConnaughey,
The Associated Press
You don't have to be able
to smell or see air pollution to die from it or be adversely affected
by it.
A study of the nation's 20
largest cities confirms that small amounts of particles less than one-fifth
the width of a human hair are enough to raise the death rate. And the
death rate climbs steadily along with the number of these fine particles.
The study, conducted by researchers at the Johns Hopkins School of Public
Health, supports Environmental Protection Agency standards that were
set in 1957 and revised in 1997, said Bob Perciasepe, EPA assistant administrator
for air quality.
The findings should squelch
criticism that earlier research at the EPA, Harvard and elsewhere was
inconclusive said James H. Ware, dean of the Harvard School of Public
Health. Perciasepe said the study shows that the fine particles, and
not the weather, certain chemicals or other factors, drive increases
in the daily death rate.
The study, published in today's
New England Journal of Medicine, looked at death rates and at the amount
of "fine particulate pollution" -- that is, particles
less than 10 microns across. A micron is one-thousandth of a millimeter.
Such particles come from just about everywhere -
cars, power plants, construction, agriculture.
The study deals in amounts
almost staggeringly small: micrograms - ten millionths of a gram
or about four-ten-millionths of an ounce - per cubic meter of air. Under
EPA rules, the maximum allowable level of 10-micron particles in 24 hours
is 150 micrograms per cubic meter. All 20 cities averaged levels of one-third
or less of the maximum. For each 10 micrograms of particles per cubic
meter of air over a 24-hour period, the death rate from all causes rose
just more than one-half of a percentage point, researchers said.
To put it another way: If
you take a large city where about 100 people die each day and the fine
particle pollution rises by 20 micrograms per cubic meter over 24 hours,
you can add one death to the daily rate. If it rises 40 micrograms, you
can add two deaths.
Los Angeles averaged 148 deaths
a day from 1987 through 1994. New York averaged 190.9, and Chicago 113.9.
The EPA rules on fine particulate
pollution are now before the Supreme Court but the findings have no direct
bearing on the case. The main question is whether pollution regulations
must consider the costs of compliance.
For more information about air purifiers that remove particulate, click
here.
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